理财六大原则 Six Principles of Personal Finance，下面是英语东给大家的分享，一起来看看。
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如果说年初一是大家的狂欢节，那么年初五则是又一轮的兴奋与忙碌：家家户户都打开大门和窗户，迎财神。期待新的一年财源滚滚。今天就一起来学学理财之道吧！
Clipping coupons and scoring flights with credit card miles can save a few bucks here and there, but achieving long-term financial stability requires a much more holistic approach.
使用优惠券和用信用卡纪录兑换航班里程，多少可以省点钱，但要长期保持经济稳定需要采取更全面的方法。
Let's look at six big personal finance topics: budgeting, saving, debt, taxes, insurance, and retirement and discuss a helpful principle for each.
让我们来看看六大个人理财主题——预算，储蓄、债务、税收、保险和退休，并详细介绍各个有用的理念。
Number one: When budgeting, consider focusing on the big-ticket items.
第一：做预算时，考虑把重点放在高价项目上。
You may have heard you'd be a millionaire if you'd just skip your morning latte, but it's likely that you can save more by cutting costs on the expensive stuff like housing and transportation.
你可能听说过，如果早上不喝拿铁，就会成为百万富翁，但其实你可以通过削减住房和交通方面的昂贵开支来节省更多钱。
According to Kelley Blue Book, in 2019, the average new car cost about $37,000. But buying the same car pre-owned could save more than $10,000 much more than a year's worth of lattes.
根据凯利蓝皮书的数据，2019年，新车的平均售价约为37,000美元。但是购买同款二手车可以节省超过10,000美元，远远超过喝一年拿铁的花费。
Number two: When setting savings goals, be specific about your plan to get there.
第二：在设定储蓄目标时，要明确具体计划。
It's easy to say, I'm going to save $6,000 for retirement this year, but you also need to define your tactics for pursuing your goal.
拟定目标很简单，比如我今年要为退休攒6000美元，但你还需要明确制定实现这个目标的策略。
Subgoals can help guide your savings strategy: if you want to save $6,000 this year, think about how you might save $500 this month by increasing your income or trimming your expenses by about $115 a week.
子目标有助于引导你的储蓄策略：如果你今年想攒6000美元，就要考虑这个月该如何通过增加收入或每周削减大约115美元的开支来攒下500美元。
These mile markers can help you assess how realistic your goal is and help you monitor your progress.
这些标记可以帮你评估目标的完成度，并帮你掌控进展。
Number three: Avoid high-interest debt and loans for items that could quickly lose value.
第三：不要背负高息债务和为可能迅速贬值的商品贷款。
You might have heard to avoid debt at all costs, but not all debt is created equal.
你可能听过，要完全避免债务，但并非所有债务都是平等的。
One type of debt to avoid is debt with an interest rate higher than 5%, like credit card debt carried from month to month.
我们要避免的一种债务是利率高于5%的债务，比如信用卡月结债务。
Also, try to avoid going into debt for anything that is likely to quickly loses value, like boats, RVs, jewelry, and other luxury goods.
此外，还要尽量避免为任何可能迅速贬值的商品负债，比如船、房车、珠宝和其他奢侈品。
But there are times borrowing money makes sense.
但有的贷款是积极的。
For example, loans for education or starting a business are often considered healthy debt because they may lead to more income down the road.
例如，用于教育或创业的贷款通常被认为是正向的债务，因为它们可能会带来更多的收入。
For some, a low-interest mortgage might be a good use of debt, because a house has the potential to appreciate.
对一些人来说，低息按揭购房可能是一个积极的债务，因为房子有升值的潜力。
And even using a credit card as long as you pay the balance in full every month can help improve your credit score by showing lenders you can responsibly manage debt.
即使使用信用卡，只要每月全额还款，就可以向贷方展示你是可靠的债务人，并有助于提高信用评分。
But healthy debt only helps your credit score if you make your payments on time, so if you're looking to increase your credit score, only borrow money you're confident you'll be able to pay back.
但正向的债务只有在按时还款的情况下才能帮助你获得信用分，因此，如果想提高信用评分，就只借你有信心能够偿还的钱。
Number four: Reduce your taxable income.
第四：减少应纳税额。
This doesn't mean make less money this means find ways to pay less taxes on the money you make.
并不是说让你少赚钱，而是想办法为你赚的钱支付更少的税款。
One way to do this is to receive income in a tax-exempt form, meaning get compensated in a way that isn't taxable.
一种方法是以免税形式获得减免，即以不纳税的方式获得补偿。
For example, many employers offer benefits that allow you to receive or set aside untaxed money for things like retirement, health care, education, transportation, and child care.
例如，许多雇主提供福利，允许你接受或预留免税资金用于退休、医疗保健、教育、交通、和儿童保育等事项。
A second way to potentially reduce your taxes is to defer them, meaning pay your taxes later by contributing to a traditional IRA or 401(k).
可以减少税款的第二种方法是推迟纳税，意思是之后通过向传统的个人退休账户（IRA）和退休福利计划（401k）供款来缴纳税款。
With these types of retirement accounts, you don't have to pay taxes until you withdraw your money during retirement, when your tax rate may be lower.
有了这些类型的退休账户，在退休期间取用之前，你都不用纳税，并且税率可能会更低。
Number five: Avoid insurance for expenses you can afford to pay for out of pocket.
第五：不要为能负担的费用购买保险。
Depending on your personal situation, you may need car insurance, home or renter's insurance, or life insurance.
根据你的个人情况，可能需要汽车保险、房屋或房主保险、人寿保险。
And everyone needs health insurance.
每个人都需要医疗保险。
Studies suggest that more than 60% of all bankruptcies are related to medical issues, so strive to have at least minimum coverage.
研究表明，60%以上的破产与医疗问题有关，因此，至少要努力让医疗保险达到最低覆盖率。
But remember that the purpose of insurance is to protect you in unfortunate scenarios.
但请记住，保险的目的是在不幸的情况下提供保障。
In exchange for protection, you make regular payments to an insurance company called Premiums.
为了换取保障，你得定期向被保险公司支付保险费。
Premiums are guaranteed and often ongoing expenses.
保险费用是有保障的，通常需要持续支付。
For smaller valuables, like electronic devices, you may want to skip insurance if you can afford to replace them, because paying for coverage you might never use can be a waste of money.
对于较小的贵重物品，如电子设备，如果你有能力更换，你可以不为他们购买保险，因为支付可能永远用不上的保险费用是浪费金钱。
And finally, number six: Don't just save for retirement invest for retirement.
最后一点，第六点：不要只为退休储蓄，还要为退休投资。
Realistically, just saving isn't likely going to be enough to reach your retirement goals.
实际上，仅仅储蓄可能不足以实现退休目标。
Investing can help grow your money over time.
随着时间推移，投资可以让你的钱增值。
As you can see, if you invested $1,000 in stocks in 1975, by the end of 2018, your investment would've been worth over $130,000. How can $1,000 grow so fast?
如你所见，如果你在1975年投资了1000美元股票，到2018年底，股票价值将超过130,000美元。1000美元怎么能增值这么快？
Over time, compound interest, which means earning interest on interest, can help investors experience exponential growth, or growth that occurs at an increasingly rapid rate.
长时间的复利，也就是利滚利，让投资者体验资金呈指数级增长，或以越来越快的速度增值。
Contributing to retirement accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs can potentially help you save on taxes and allow your investments to compound even faster.
向401(k)和IRA等退休账户供款可能能帮你节省税款，并让你的投资更快复利。
So remember: When budgeting, consider focusing on the big-ticket items.
所以请记住：在做预算时，考虑把重点放在高价项目上。
When setting savings goals, be specific about your plan to help you get there.
在设定储蓄目标时，请具体拟定计划，有助于实现目标。
Avoid high-interest debt and loans for items that will quickly lose value.
避免高息债务和为很快贬值的商品贷款。
Consider taking steps to help reduce your taxable income.
考虑采取措施减少应税额。
Avoid insurance for expenses you can pay for out of pocket.
不要为可以自掏腰包支付的费用购买保险。
And finally, consider investing for retirement.
最后，考虑为退休投资。
While there's no shortage of personal finance advice out there, cutting through the noise to focus on high-impact adjustments can potentially have an enduring effect on your financial future.
虽然市面上有很多个人理财建议，但你要摒除杂音，专注于能对你的财务状况产生持久影响的正确建议。
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体坛周报全媒体记者晓忠报道
巴西戈亚斯州公共部门“首都二号”调查发现，巴西桑托斯队后卫爱德华多·特鲁姆普也卷入了假球案。他没有按照约定打出这张牌。他不仅没有收到赌博集团承诺的5万雷亚尔，还收到死亡威胁，必须赔偿赌博集团的损失。他同意每月给赌博集团5万雷亚尔，总共20个月的赔偿，总共赔偿给对方100万雷亚尔。
11月5日，巴西联赛第36轮，桑托斯主场1-1击败战平阿瓦伊。根据与赌博集团的协议，鲍尔曼在比赛期间应该被黄牌警告。但他毫发无损地逃脱了，裁判也没有向他出示牌。为了赎罪，特鲁姆普承诺在11月10日客场对阵博塔弗戈的巴西联赛第37轮比赛中将得到红牌，幸运组同意了。
桑托斯队0-3不敌博塔弗戈。特鲁姆普打得非常激进，第31分钟吃到黄牌。但红牌始终没有到来。直到下半场中场休息第5分钟，他才被立即驱逐出场。不过，第90分钟和第5分钟的红牌是在最后一飞后领到的，因此不算在内，投注团仍然蒙受了巨大的经济损失。
去年巴西联赛第37轮，除了特鲁姆普之外，比赛集团还贿赂了戈亚斯前锋达达贝尔蒙特和库亚巴左后卫伊戈尔卡里乌斯。两人在常规的90分钟内顺利完成了打卡任务。
客场对阵弗鲁米嫩塞的比赛中，达达·贝尔蒙特在上半场中场休息第2分钟领到第一张黄牌，第51分钟领到第二张黄牌。两黄变一红，他被罚下场。客场对阵米内罗竞技的比赛中，鹰卡里乌斯在第57分钟被黄牌警告。如果特鲁姆普在90分钟对阵博塔弗戈的常规比赛中吃到红牌，该集团可以获得80万雷亚尔。
手里的钱飞走了，赌博集团非常愤怒，想要做出榜样。他们希望鲍尔曼付给他们80万雷亚尔，否则就杀了他。鲍尔曼手里没有80万雷亚尔，但他担心财富集团说到做到，真的会自杀。于是，鲍尔曼通过经纪人路易斯·塔维拉，与赌博集团达成协议：他每月给赌博集团5万雷亚尔，分20次还款，最后给赌博集团100万雷亚尔，并用自己的经济权利进行抵押贷款。
他说他每个月都会给幸运辛迪加5万个雷亚尔，但鲍尔曼并不傻，他能拖多久就拖多久。他上次向赌博集团捐出5万雷亚尔是在今年2月，在赌博集团的多次要求下。
事件发生后，鲍曼起初否认了戈亚斯州公共事务部的所有指控。但纸包不住火，这一点也很难否认。目前，桑托斯俱乐部已对鲍尔曼进行禁赛。出于谨慎起见，桑托斯暂时不会取消与特鲁姆普的合同，也不会接受球员的单方面解约。桑托斯俱乐部表示将全力配合检察官的调查。如果指控得到证实，它将向法庭起诉鲍尔曼，并要求他赔偿俱乐部的损失。
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